Looking back into history is an indispensable first step to get a better understanding of China’s contemporary conceptions of its strategic space.
This section presents a collection of historical case studies, used for comparative purposes, that examine how rising or great powers, including China, have in the past defined their strategic space and the factors that led them to consider expanding it beyond the strict delineations of their national territory.
Jakub Grygiel addresses, first, how states think of their strategic space and, second, why they seek to control it.
In the German Kaiserreich (1871–1918) there existed a complex political culture of imperialism, much of which was entangled with other aspects of German public life.
For much of the seventeenth through mid-nineteenth centuries, Japan’s Tokugawa leaders sealed off their country from the world, turning political, social, and economic planning and
The war in Ukraine may be Russia’s most blatant attempt to undermine the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a neighboring state, but it is in
The story of the United States’ rise to global power is inadequately understood in part because its contours are so familiar. The most prominent narrative,
The question of how the Qing empire conceived of its strategic space—or, rather, failed to do so correctly—is where the field of modern Chinese history
This video by Bill Hayton, Chatham House, examines how Republican Era China conceptualized its strategic space and the evolution, drivers, and instruments used to determine
Many scholars characterize the first three decades of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rule, or what is commonly called Mao’s China, as part of the Cold